The Opium War

The first drug war is known as the British opium war, which took place in the 19th century with the Chinese and the British. The British wanted to balance out their trade with the china for tea so they imported opium from India trying to sell it to the Chinese. China did not need to trade with any other country because they produced everything them self. So Great Britain try to bring in opium to china by mixing it with the tobacco so when they use the tobacco they become addicted to it do, in return the British can make money from the Chinese because know the Chinese needed the opium more so their economy fell. Many of their income was used to buy the opium Britain was becoming rich of the Chinese.

When China’s government found out that Britain was smuggling in opium in to china it caused the war, the Chinese send a letter to queen Victoria but she never received the letter so the Chinese went a head and used forced but the British was for better kin technology so they came out victorious.

Film lesson: "Mountains of the Moon"

Mountains of the Moon (1990) is a film that depict the journey of two European explorer by the name of Richard Francis Burton and John Henning Speke on their exploration of central Africa which culminated in the discovery of the Nile River. The Europeans faced the heat off the Sarah desert, lost of food, and also being able to adapting to Africa. Lake Victoria, which is located in Africa, was named after the Europe queen because John Speke found it, and one had changed the name ever since.

The Europeans had better technology over the Africans, which made it easy to conquer their land. The Europeans had guns and cannons, the Africans were not familiar with these technology the Europeans also had a steam ship witch can travel far in short times. This was an easy capture for the Europeans.

The Meiji Restoration of Japan

Japan is known as an archipelago, what this mean is that Japan is a large group of islands, which are close to each other, or in near by areas. Mathew Perry "bullied" the Japanese into singing the treaty by impressing them with the technologies that the Americans enjoyed. The Japanese were very impressed with the technology that was on the American steam ships. The United States in a way was bulling the Japanese instead of just setting up and arrangement and negotiate. The United States used their military power to scare the Japanese, or just force them to do what ever they say. Japan had been in isolation for many years, so their army was weak and their technology was out dated. Mathew Perry purposely dropped 26 miles off the coast of Tokyo, just to impress the Japanese, which did work as they plan the Japanese’s were not so impressed with what Perry did in Tokyo. The Japanese were impressed, but dropping miles they were more interested in how far the Americans steam ship was traveling in such short time. Perry also arrived in Tokyo with the sails of the ship down. He did this purposely, to show the Japanese, that with their steam technology, they no longer needed sails. The Japanese felt intimidated. Japan felt that they were so behind from everyone else so in both the Japanese and united state interest to open the ports. With this treaty in place, Japan was now able to advance, in technology and power.

Karl Marx and Communism

Karl Marx idea of communist was where everyone was treated equal, what I mean by that is everyman worked equal money, have equal right everyone was treated equal. He wanted everyone to be one. Karl Marx was for the workers; he wanted the workers to have the same right as the factory owners. Marx also wanted the workers to own the factory. Marx did not like the factory owner just for the simple fact of how the were treating the their workers, they paid them little money for long hours.

Karl Marx and the Industrial Revolution

Karl Marx did not like the Industrial Revolution, just for the simple fact of how the workers were being treated. The condition the workers faced were very harsh and unsafe. Marx argued that the workers should owned the factory and farm rather than the landlord. He urged the "workers of the world to unite" in a worldwide revolution.

Marx's saw how the workers were being treated so he came up with an idea known as Communism, a word formed for common. Marx said that “communism is going to be workers sharing wealth in a communist society.” Marx also wanted the wealth to be distributed "to each pearson according to his abilities, to each according to his needs."

Nationalism and the Creation of Italy

Nationalism- is the belief that one’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history.

What mostly makes me a nationalist is the fact that I really treasure freedom and I never take it for granted. I also am a citizen of The United States and I support my country in any decisions that the people make for it. I respect the way people use their freedom here to help make the economy better, but mostly those people because some take their freedom for granted and decide to do what’s mostly best for them and their desires. What also makes me a nationalist is I respect this country but I respect my own country, where I was born, and the people I care about where their family living.

While Nationalism was destroying empires, it was result in new nations. Italy was one of those new nations that form from the territory of crumbling empires. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Austria ruled the Italian provinces of Venetia and Lombardy in the north, and several small states.

Simon Bolivar and Latin American Revolutions

Simón Bolívar was born in Caracas on July 24, 1783, to don Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte and doña Maria de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco. At the age of nine he lost both his parent, he then grew up with his uncle, don Carlos Palacios at the age of fifteen his uncle sent him to Spain to continue his education. When he visited Mexico on his way to Spain he saw how the people were being treated.

Simon Bolívar lost all of his respect for Napoleon who he had considered to be a good leader, after he saw how he betrayed the republican. It was in Italy that Bolívar made his famous vow on top of Mount Aventin of Rome to never rest until America was free. Bolivia is named after Simon Bolivar because on December 9, he destroyed all the remaining Spanish in the battle of Ayacucho, eliminating Spanish in South America.

Simon Bolivar fought for the independence of South America; he made sure that he followed his vow that he made on top of mount Aventin before he died. He won the independence of Venezuela on June 3, 1811. Simon Bolivar was inspired to fight for people freedom and his quest for revolution, after he saw what Napoleon did with his power that fired him up, when he returned home and saw the ways that the people was being treaded he decided to do some thing about it their fore causing all those revolution and battles.

Robespierre and The Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror took place on the 5 September 1793 and lasted until 28 July 1794, it was a period of violence that occurred fifteen months after the onset of the French Revolution. During this period people's heads would be cut off for no reason what so ever. Max robespierre was the ruler during this time. He used a machine to cut people is heads. He killed who ever he though could be against him of represent a problem for him. He didnt really care about if it was true or not. incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution."

Maximilien Robespierre was the main cause of the Reign of Terror, if it was not for his way of ruling people would not have to find a cause to go against him. The Reign of Terror finally came to an end with the head of Max Robespierre.

The French Revolution

In France the king was in charged over everyone and everything, the country was divided into three estates the clergy the nobility and the peasant. The clergy and the nobility were in the first and second estate and the peasant was in the third. The clergy and the nobility was treated fairly they did don’t have to serve the military, they were not require to pay a lot of tax, and they lived in luxury, the peasant was the complete opposite they had to pay tax and serve in the military.

In 1789 a French peasant would've probably complained about maintaining the burden of carrying the higher estates on their back.

The cartoonist was probably pointing out that they were treated as mules to carry and maintain everything in the higher estate. In the quote he is asking when all this unfair or unequal treatment will be over.

The author of source B describes the lives of French peasants as really unfair because they barely have enough to live by and they still have to pay taxes to the nobles.

Sources A, B, and C tells why the peasants would resented the rich people, because in source C the document shows that a peasant only make 200 lives a year while a priest would make 10,000 a year. One more reason why the peasants would resent the rich people; because in source B it states how a family of peasants had to pay so much taxes, because they had to pay 20kg of wheat and 3 chickens as dues to one lords. That’s not all he also had to give to the other lord he had to pay 60kg of oats, one chicken, and five pence not including the taxes they had to pay the king.

Rousseau's writing would mostly influenced the peasants the most because Rousseau's conveys that no one has the power to have total control over anyone and in order to achieve something using force then that violation of the human rights.

The pamphlet was banned in 1775 because the top estates like’s the king, clergy, and the nobility didn't want anyone to find out. They were afraid if the people found out that they would go against them their for they would lose their power.

John Locke and "The Enlightenment"

John Locke was a great influence in the writing of the US Constitution. Thomas Jefferson used many of his words and ideals when he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson wrote that the people have "unalienable rights", which meant that the people have the right to speak their mind and pursue whatever dreams or goals in mind. John Locke believed when you’re born, you have rights to do what you want; this of course led to the famous quote "all men are created equal" which is written in the Declaration.

The Government power comes directly from the people. This was of course also influenced by John Locke. Although the governing of a King was stopped in Americas we still needed a leader, and that’s where the President comes in. This wouldn't be like a king because this time the people chose the leader and the leader must always think of the people not himself. Now the people were free from the ruling of idiot kings.

Copernicus and the Trial of Galileo

• Geocentric Theory- state that the earth is at the center of the solar system, and that everything revolved around it.
• Heliocentric Theory – states that planets and even the moon revolved around the sun, in a counter-clockwise motion.

The Geocentric Theory came first, saying that everything revolved around the earth, then later on scientists try to prove that theory wrong. They claimed that everything revolved around the sun, using the Heliocentric Theory.

Galileo was on trial because he was questioning God work. He said that “the earth was not the center of the universe”. Catholic Church, condemned him to life imprisonment.

The Catholic Church put Galileo on trial because he said that "the earth was not the center of the universe", their for questioning the holy book.

• Galileo believed that everything revolved around the sun.

Scientific Revolution: The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method, consist of four steps:

1. Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena.
2. Formulation of a hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation.
3. Use of the hypothesis to predict the existence of other phenomena, or to predict quantitatively the results of new observations.
4. Performance of experimental tests of the predictions by several independent experimenters and properly performed experiments.

The Scientific Method is used to test theory to see if they are true of false. Scientist can experiment over and over again to prove or disprove a theory. Scientist will not just take a theory for granted, they conduct experiments. Then they will draw conclusion on what they observed. The scientific method is still the best way that scientist can determine the truth from lies.

One theory that used the Scientific Method was Aristotle’s theory that heavy objects falls faster than light objects. Well in the late 1500’s Galileo tested this theory. Galileo tested Aristotle’s Theory by going on top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped stones of different weights. Galileo then observed and collect data. From his finding, he proved Aristotle was wrong and found what we know today; objects of different weights, fall at the same speed using the Scientific Method.

Evolution vs. Creation

Darwin's Theory of Evolution, states that all life is related to one another. Darwin used Natural selection to explain how this theory can be supported he claimed if a specie grows wing then it's offspring will also have that same wing which will make them able to fly, he also claimed that over a period of time that set of species will eventually die out leaving only the superior one. Darwin's theory of evolution is in a crisis because of the advanced in science, research now show us that there in fact tens of thousands of irreducibly complex systems on the cellular level, which is proving Darwin theory wrong.

Creationism is the religious belief that life, Earth, and the universe were created by God. In the West Creationism usually based on creation Genesis, and in its broad sense covers a wide range of beliefs. In 1929 in the United States the term direct creation of individual souls, became associated with the Christian fundamentalist opposition to human evolution and belief in a young Earth. The United State passed a law against the teaching of evolution in public schools.

I belief in Creationism, in my religion Allah (God) created the heavens and the Earth. Islam also states how mankind came in to existents, which is God created Adam from every peace of clay on earth then he breathes into him giving him his soul. Then Adam was sent to Earth. When Adam had a child it would be a boy and a girl. He was to marry a child from one birth to a child from another birth, populating the earth.